WGNRR Statement to the 47th Session of the Commission on Population and Development
This is a statement by Women’s Global Network for Reproductive Rights (WGNRR) representing over one thousand organisations and individuals from seventy three countries, working towards the fulfilment of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of all, with a specific focus on the rights of women and girls.
While recognising the substantial progress made over the last 20 years of implementation of the ICPD Programme of Action (PoA), including recognition of sexual and reproductive rights as human rights; their inclusion as part of many national, regional and international policy frameworks and the development of public policies allowing better access to sexual and reproductive health in the world, such progress has not been universal and many countries are still failing to meet targets set out in the original ICPD PoA.
We continue to see a high correlation between poverty, child and maternal mortality and countries that have failed to fully implement the PoA. There is a lack of real commitment to ensure the right of women and girls to decide upon all aspects of their reproductive health, including the right to choose whether to continue or end a pregnancy. An estimated 47,000 women die each year due to unsafe abortion, which accounts for an estimated 13% of maternal deaths worldwide. Five million women are hospitalised each year for treatment of abortion-related complications, such as hemorrhage and sepsis. Almost all abortion-related deaths occur in developing countries, with the highest number in Africa followed by Asia and Latin America.
Access to safe and legal abortion is a human right. When governments deny this basic woman¿s right they endorse and tolerate institutional violence against women.
– Since 1994, when 179 governments signed the International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action, signaling their commitment to prevent unsafe abortion more than 25 countries worldwide have liberalized their abortion laws. However, seven countries in Latin American and the Caribbean – Chile, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Haiti, Suriname and Dominican Republic along with the Philippines in Asia and Malta in Europe ¿ still prohibit access to abortion under all circumstances even to save a woman¿s life and nearly eighty other countries maintain severely restrictive laws on abortion.
– Most of the countries with severe abortion laws are in the Global South. Even though access to safe and legal abortion was achieved in most of the industrialised countries in Europe and North America during the period of liberal reforms between 1950 and 1985, there is a number of worrying trends and challenges that are representative of the ongoing rise of religious, political, and economic extremisms resulting in imposition of restrictive measures preventing women from accessing accessible and affordable abortion services.
As a result of the lack of commitment by governments to create progressive legal frameworks to address unsafe abortion and as a result of restricting access to safe abortion because of the pressure by conservative lobbies, women and girls suffer grave human rights violations, for example:
Maternal mortality and morbidity: Criminalisation of abortion forces women to carry unwanted pregnancies, even in cases when it is the result of rape, or threat to health and life, which equals to the act of torture, as noted by international human rights bodies.In other cases llegality has pushed wen to resort to unsafe services by putting their lives and personal integrity at risk.
Injustice:Women and girls are being regularly stigmatized, criminalized and many have lost their freedom. Such are the cases documented in El Salvador, Brazil and Mexico, where women and adolescent girls have been reported by the service providers who attended to them for either complications of unsafe abortions, spontaneous abortions, premature birth complications, still birth or other obstetric emergencies. After facing a repressive justice system, which violated the presumption of innocence, in some cases, women found themselves given the highest penalties ranging from 20 to 40 years in prison.
Stigma and Discrimination: Young, poor and unmarried women are disproportionately affected by criminalization of abortion. When they terminate pregnancy they do it in high risk situations, which make it an issue of social injustice deeply rooted in discrimination for economic, ethnic, racial, class, immigration status, among others. The stigma that surrounds abortion and women human rights defenders working for it contributes to abortion¿s social, medical and legal marginalization. As a result advocates of abortion rights have been harassed and criminalized, just because they have challenged a patriarchal system that suppresses women´s rights.
Governments need to address the failures of the last 20 years and have a holistic, forward-looking, and relevant development agenda post-2015, we believe Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) must be central to the goals and targets and go beyond a very narrow reflection of SRHR as “maternal healthcare” or “reproductive health” only. Human rights must be explicitly referenced, with the understanding that any meaningful efforts towards sustainable development must posit people as the drivers of development rather than passive receivers of aid priorities and programming.
We hold the governments accountable to their existing commitments, and continue to take action to ensure that national policies effectively guarantee access to safe, legal, affordable, accessible, high quality, youth friendly abortion services, along with information about how to locate and access such services.
In the light of the urgency to address denial of access to safe and legal abortion as a human rights violation with reference to the assessment of the status of implementation of the ICPD PoA, WGNRR calls on the following:
1. Recall the commitments made 20 years ago and consider the failure of the state parties to meet these commitments with particular focus on the omission from the agenda of the access to safe and legal abortion in compliance with other international commitments such as CEDAW, ICESCR, Maputo Protocol and international human rights treaties
2. The resolution should recommend inclusion of access to safe and legal abortion as a human right and emphasize the inclusion of SRHR as the core principle of the new development agenda.
3. The following demands around access to safe and legal abortion should be reflected in the new development agenda:
3.1. Decriminalize abortion, remove all legal and implementation barriers to ensure access to safe, comprehensive, free and of high quality procedure for pregnancy termination, free of requirements for marital or parental consent.
3.2. Immediate release and putting an end to criminalization of young people and women,due to criminalization of abortion, espcally in countries where the prohibition is absolute.
3.3. Provide accurate and scientifically sound information on access to safe and legal abortion to the entire population, without discrimination and take steps to limit the stigma and misinformation relating to abortion.
3.4. Remove socio-cultural barriers that reinforce gender stereotypes about motherhood and stigmatize women and girls, preventing them from free and informed decisions about their sexuality and their own bodies.
3.5. Ensure that HIV programming includes a SRHR lens and gives women choice in treatment options including whether to continue a pregnancy or not.
3.6. Ensure access to comprehensive sexuality education which is gender sensitive and life-skills based in a manner consistent with evolving capacity of adolescents and young people.
3.7. Ensure universal access to contraception, including emergency contraception, of high quality and variety, user friendly and appropriate to the needs of girls, adolescents and women, while ensuring their confidentiality.
4. The assessment process should also reflect on the role played by the women’s human rights defenders and call for the end to the harassment, criminalization and aggression aimed at SRHR advocates; and to ensure security and integrity for the women’s rights defenders threatened by repressive mechanisms of the state or by civil groups which carry hatred and fundamentalism.